Standardization of a novel siddha formulation “Kodiveli chooranam” through a scientific technique organoleptic character, physiochemical and phytochemical analysis.

Srikajan.R*¹, Manoharan.A².

¹ Post Graduate, Department of Pothumaruthuvam (Medicine), Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkkotai, Tamil Nadu, India.

² Head of the Department, Department of Pothumaruthuvam (Medicine), Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkkotai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT:

Aim and objective:

The aim of the study is to determine the physico and Phytochemical analysis of Siddha Formulation KodiveliChooranam (KC) in various extracts.

Materials and methods:

A Standardization of a Siddha medicine is very important to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of the drugs.The Siddha formulation KodiveliChooranam is taken fromGunapadam Mooligai Vaguppu Part-1,authoured byD.K.S.Murugesa Mudaliyar. This book is indicated for KC in Vali Azhal Keel Vayu (Rheumatoid Arthritis).

Results:

The end of results found the pH value is 5.35, Ash (%)- 4.35%,Acid Insoluble ash (%) Nil ,Water soluble ash (%)- 2.13%,Loss on drying (%) - 9.56%,Sulphated ash - 6.11%, Alcohol solubleExtractive-16.54%, Water solubleExtractive - 13.22%, Volatile oil -1%, Swelling Index- 4.5 ml, Foaming Index - Nil, Total Fat Content - 3.41%. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Terpenoids, Phenols, Flavanoids, Steroids, Alkaloids were found at the end of qualitative analysis.

Conclusion: .KC is highly effective in the management of Rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords: Physicochemical,Phytochemical analysis,KodiveliChooranam, Rheumatoid arthritis.

INTRODUCTION:

A Siddha system of medicine is one among the branch of traditional medical system. which it was deal with physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being of an individual.Siddha system of medicine is originated from eighteen spiritual scientists called SIDDHARS^[1]. World Health Organization states that 80 % of global population rare preferred to use plants source for their health problem,^[2,3] because easily availability and less cost^[4]. Standardization technique of the siddha formulation has been validated to identify their active compounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Drug Selection:

MATERIALS:

Kodivelai chooranam , which is a poly herbal formulation, consists of three individuals components, which was collected from country raw merchants shop at Nagarcoil , Tamil Nadu.The preparation of “KODIVELICHOORANAM” is indicated for Vali Azhal Keel Vayu (Rheumatoid Arthritis) mentioned in the classical Siddha literatur (Table no 1& fig no 1-3. ) D.K.S.MurugesaMudaliyar;GunapadamMooligaiVaguppu Part-1;Indian medicine & Homeopathy Chennai-600106;Edition-9(2013) Pg.No-384^[5].

METHOD OF PREPARATION:

Equipment required:

1. The drug enumerated in the recipe in clean and dried state.

2. A mortar and pestle.

3. A fine sieve or fine cloth of close mesh.

Process of preparation:

The drugs which are to be used in the preparations should be taken from recently collected material. Drugs which are aged by prolonged storage or changed in color, taste and scent and those that are insects infected or attacked by fungi should be positively rejected.

However, drugs like Emboli fruits, Senna, Long pepper, Jaggery and cow’s ghee are preferred from fairly aged stock, provided they are not infested with pests, deteriorated or spoiled or developed rancidity.

In general, the aromatic drugs are slightly fried in order to enhance their aroma and milling properties. Any extraneous material, organic or inorganic, should be removed from the drugs by close inspection.

Identification and Authentication of the drug:

The raw materials were identified and authenticated by Botanist, Department of Medicinal Botany, and by the experts of Gunapadam, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. The specimen sample of each raw material has been kept in the PG Gunapadam department individually for future reference.

Purification of the drugs:

Purification process was done as per classical Siddha literature. The drugs are purified, and the medicine is prepared in the Gunapadam practical hall of Govt.Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai.

Purification of Raw Drugs:

The roots will be washed with pure water to remove the impurities and the collected drug will be purified by pittuaviyal process separately (baked in vapor of milk) and allow it to dry.

Method of Preparation Of Trail Drug Kodiveli Chooranam:

The above drugs are purified and powdered separately. Then powdered drugs are mixed and taken as a compound preparation.

Storage of the Drug :

The trial drug “Kodiveli chooranam” is stored in claean and tight air container.

PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KODIVELICHOORANAM

Physicochemical‐ studies of the trial drug have been done according to WHO guidelines. Physico chemical studies is carried out from Dept. of Pharmacognosy, SRRI, Trivandrum-12,Kerala.

Table no: 1. Ingredients of KodiveliChooranam:

Fig1.Milakaranai ( Toddaliaasiatica ) Fig 2.Nochchi ( Vitex negundo)

Fig 3.Venkodiveli (Plumbagozeylanica ) Fig 4.KodiveliChooranam

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTER:

The organoleptic characters of the sample were evaluated which include evaluation of the formulation by its colour, odour, taste, texture etc. The KC powder were taken into watch glasses and positioned against white back ground in white tube light. Its colour was observed by naked eye and results were noted.

TABLE.2. RESULTS ORGAOLEPTIC CHARACTER

Table.3.PHYSICO – CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KODIVELI CHOORANAM

As per table no.3 showed that the physico – chemical analysis of kodiveli chooranam such as loss on drying at 105^oc, total ash, water soluable ash, sulphated ash, water soluable extarctive,alcohol soluable extarctive,ph of water extract, volatile oil,swelling index,foaming index ,total fat content values are viz. 9.56%,4.35%,2.13%,6.11%,13.22% ,16.54%,5.35,1%,4.5 ml3.41% respectively.

Table no.4 represented the phytochemical screening of kodiveli chooranam has the presence of terpenoids,phenols,flavanoids,steroids&alkaloids.Alkaloids possess antispasmodic, analgesic, bactericidal effects.Alkaloids are the active principles producing many essential effects in protecting the body ^[15].Phenols possess rich anti-oxidant property and protect the body from oxidative stress. Phenols inhibit the LDL cholesterol levels. Phenols reduces cell death and it regulate glucose metabolism.Phenols increase the vasodilation of blood vessels to promote circulation. It is a Effective anti-hyperglycaemicagent^[16]. It is the most important group of polyphenolic compounds in plants. Flavonoids can exert their anti-oxidant activity by scavenging the free radicals, by chelating metal ions or by inhibiting enzymatic systems responsible for free radical generation. Flavanoids are immunomodulator. It also possesses anti-microbial activity which is confirmed by the various anti-microbial assays^[17].

Table no: 4. PHYTOCHEMICAL KODIVELICHOORANAM result were given below

Therapeutic uses of terpenoids include antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, Muscular spasms, antioxidants, antiparasitic, immunomodulatory, and as skin permeation enhancer.

SUMMARY:

1.The PH of the drug KodiveliChooranamis 5.35 which is weekly acidic in nature. Acidic drug is essential for its bioavailability and effectiveness. Acidic drugs are better absorbed in stomach.^[10] The total amount of volatile content and moisture present in the drug was established in loss on drying.

2. Loss on drying of Kodiveli Chooranam is 9.56% and this value indicates its better shelf life of the drug (KC)^[11]

3. The total ash value of KodiveliChooranamis4.35 % which determine the absence of inorganic content..Total ash value of plant material indicated the amount ofminerals and earthy materials present in the drug

4. No acid insoluble ash value in KodiveliChooranam.

5. Water soluble ash value of KodiveliChooranamis 2.13%, thus it is easily facilitates the process of diffusion and osmosis mechanism^[12].Water-soluble ash is the part of the total ash content, which is soluble in water. Decreased water soluble ash value indicates easy facilitation of diffusion and osmosis mechanism.

6. The alcohol soluble extractive of Kodivelichooranam is found to be 16.54%, this indicates the presence of some chemical constituents in the test drug^[13].Extractive values of the drug give the approximate amount of chemical constituents present in the formulation.

7. The KC is contains 1% of volatile oil. It is responsible for the essence or odour of the plan^[14].

8. The sulphated ash value is 6.11%.

9. The swelling index is 4.5 ml of the KC

10. The trail drug have nil foaming because of the absence of saponins ^[12].

CONCLUSION:

Standardization of Siddha formulations becomes highly mandatory as it evident the physiochemical, phytochemical as well as the bioactive compounds. The results which was obtained from the organoleptic property, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of KodiveliChooranam, might be responsible for the safety and potent therapeutic activity of this Chooranam and it also may create a secondary fingerprints for the clinical trails in future.

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1.14. Manpreet kaur, Volatile Oil : Properties, Classification and Extraction. Available at: www.yourarticlelibrary.com › biology › volatile-oil-properties-classification.

15. PR Cheeke, A review of the functional evolutionary roles of the liver with special reference to pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Veterinary and Human Toxicology, europepmc.org, 1994, P:234.

16.Availableat:http://www.globalhealingcentre.com/natural-health/what-are-phenols
17.Available at: http://www.globalhealingcentre.com/natural-health/what-are-flavanoids